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A few days ago, microcontroller and analog semiconductor supplier Microchip Technology (micro-core technology companies in the United States) to further expand its lineup of battery management products, today announced the launch of the integration of field-programmable power, applicable to 2-4 lithium-ion and Lithium polymer battery, or 6-12 nickel-hydrogen batteries and nickel-cadmium laptop battery applications. New devices with smart battery system (Smart Battery System, called SBS), can accurately judge the battery power and provide battery monitoring function, improve the application of security, with the end-of-discharge (End of Discharge, called EOD) control, then extended Battery life and working hours.

PS501 battery management IC products used Microchip high-performance, low-power PIC18 microcontroller core, its 16 kilobytes of memory-chip memory in the Accuron ® patented algorithm.

The satellite battery management devices of current low, only 150 microamps. When the suspension of work related applications, the device will automatically enter the low-power sleep mode, power consumption less than 1 microamp, both energy conservation and reduce excessive battery discharge.

The new device also integrates a 16 programmable Sigma-Delta ADC, as well as to optimize the professional application of mixed-signal circuits. As a result, the device can not only accurate measurement of battery current, temperature and voltage, but also directly connected to as many as four series lithium-ion or lithium-polymer PA3166U-1BRS  pack. EEPROM device can be stored on the user and set up the system by “learning”, was the battery parameters. The device also has a precise silicon oscillator, no longer need an external crystal. The new device hardware and advanced algorithms will be combined balance of the battery, the device could well be applied to lithium-polymer battery applications.

The new device has 12-pin universal, support charge and safety control or user programmable digital I / O. The eight-pin can only be used for light-emitting diode driver, while another two to make a direct FET (FET) drive the open-drain. The device can be industry-standard SMbus protocol with the host, and to support all Sbdata parameters.

Microchip for the PS501 battery management products provide a wide range of system development. One for lithium-ion or lithium-polymer PA3331U-1BRS , Microchip launched a series for four batteries of the PS5164EV, three batteries of the series and two series PS5163EV battery PS5162EV; for nickel-hydrogen batteries and nickel-cadmium batteries, used to launch 6-12 series battery PS5100EV. These systems include the development of an application board, PowerInfoTM 2 interface board (PS051) and fringe of the cable, and documentation. In addition, the support of Microsoft Windows ® PowerToolTM 2 (PS050) software built-in wizard procedures to facilitate the assessment of engineers in the development of systems and application-specific parameters and battery optimization, and provide PS501 applications such as custom programming and board and other adjustments Production support.

Film of the PEMFC is the core of the gas diffusion layer, and the catalyst of the proton exchange membrane component. Platinum catalyst is dispersed into small particles load in the high surface area of carbon black or graphite, the form of a 20 per cent of the Pt / C Catalyst. Platinum is the precious metals, resources are scarce laptop battery, expensive. Early in the film electrode Pt load for more than 10 mg/cm2, Pt utilization is very low. Until the 1990s, the emergence of film electrodes, Pt load significantly reduced [5,6]. In recent years, with the preparation of catalyst in-depth study, the membrane electrode Pt load has been reduced to 0.02 mg/cm2, electrical properties has also been enhanced. Pt further reduce the volume, looking for other inexpensive catalysts, has been on the PEMFC One of the main topics.

Unlike other PEMFC fuel cells in the solid-state lies in the use of the proton exchange membrane for the electrolyte. In the 1960s, the U.S. company GE developed by NASA for space power acetylene acid used polystyrene film, its stability and conductivity are not ideal, life is short. The mid-1960s, the United States DuPont developed a new type of membrane perfluorinated acid (Nafion campaign materials) will significantly improve the performance of PEMFC. PEMFC in the use of the proton exchange membrane [7] are used perfluorocarbons synthetic polymer satellite battery. The material stability, long service life, but their high manufacturing costs, expensive price (about 600 to 800 $ / m2). So the study of proton exchange membrane, the proton exchange membrane First, to reduce the amount of electrolytes in the development of thin and the other is the development of new types of low cost proton exchange membrane.

PEMFC fuel choice Chunqing or hydrocarbons, if the battery for the fuel to Chunqing, the system is relatively simple structure, the only source from hydrogen, the regulator valve and recycling loop, composed of hydrogen source can be compressed hydrogen, liquid hydrogen PA3166U-1BRS  Or metal hydride hydrogen storage, fuel gas regulator valve control the pressure on Circulating loop to the excessive use of recycled fuel gas, fuel gas over the electrochemical reaction on the one hand is to ensure the full, on the other hand can also play a part Maintain the balance between the role of water, usually with a circulating pump or some of these jet pump hydrogen fuel-cell sent back to the entrance, and in these circumstances, could be considered by the hydrogen source system provided by the hydrogen is used to 100% Power generation.

If the PEMFC to hydrocarbon fuels, the structure of the system relative to the more complex, to include a fuel processor, will be used for fuel or a mixture of fuel and water into steam, including the majority of such conversion of hydrogen gas , Carbon dioxide, water and traces of carbon monoxide. In addition, with the different fuel processors, converters may have nitrogen. Is important to note that in any PEMFC system, the converter in the inert gas and other gases will be different degrees of impact on PA3331U-1BRS  performance. As the PEMFC temperature is usually in the 100. C below, in a typical PEMFC system, CO is easy adsorbed on the platinum catalyst, the catalyst poisoning caused, resulting in decreased battery performance. As a result, the need to convert the gas concentration in the CO 100

Power monitoring ICs can be many automotive power system as a useful component. Although people in the design of their time to monitor all kinds of potential applications in the face of the many functions laptop battery, but their functions are basically can be summarized as follows: Once the IC is a voltage input of surveillance beyond the normal scope of work, immediately Detected and notify the other circuits, so that the circuit basis of the information provided to act accordingly. Automotive Power Monitor Environment on the choice of a special restrictions. Below will be in-depth analysis of these requirements.

Monitor as far as possible directly from the battery voltage power supply.

Monitor should at least be able to monitor the hp batteries voltage as high as the voltage, but also to meet the application of tolerance under the conditions of the under-voltage or over-voltage fault.

Monitor must be able to deal with the normal car system in the relatively high content of high-frequency interference and other.

On the other hand, automotive systems are usually not like other applications (such as handheld devices) as restricted by the power, so the choice of monitor for a little easier. This means that if can provide a more suitable for the characteristics and performance, a higher quiescent current of the monitor can be used F2019B . When using the high availability of power supply, the Monitor will work most effectively. Monitor the need to ensure that its monitoring of all power in the notice any irregularity to the system of all the other circuits. Obviously, if the monitor itself can not supply, we can not meet this requirement. Therefore, in order to obtain the best reliability, a monitor should be available in all work under the conditions of the power supply. In the car, which is battery power.

Relatively speaking, very few monitors in the 12 V power under the direct work (most should be 5 V), virtually no monitors in a 60 V power load dump the case survived F1739A . A certain type of power regulator can be used to monitor immune from the impact of high-voltage power supply. Ideally, the regulator itself, including the Monitor, to reduce monitoring solutions used by the total number of components and board space. Because of the difficulty (the best conditions) to find an affordable load dump built-in regulator, a triage function of regulating power components is the best option. These components are usually in power lead on a built-in Zener diodes (or equivalent device), will remain in a reasonable state of power supply, and the battery and power-pin series between the need for a buck resistor. The programme has a dual advantage in any high-voltage power, but also the inherent protection against reverse-F3172A  monitor the impact.

Transmission line impedance of the moment or is characteristic impedance signal quality is affected the most important factor. If the signal transmission process, the adjacent signal transmission line spacing between the resistance laptop battery, then the signals can be transmitted to move forward very smooth and therefore the situation has become very simple. If the adjacent signal transmission between different intervals, or impedance has changed, the signal will be part of the energy back reflection, the continuity of signal transmission will be destroyed.

In order to ensure the best signal quality and design of the Internet signal the goal is to ensure that the signal transmission seen in the course of the impedance, as far as possible to maintain constant unchanged. Here is mean to maintain the characteristics of transmission lines for the constant impedance hp batteries. Therefore, production design controlled impedance of the PCB board has become increasingly important. And for any other tips such as the minimum length of Goldfinger, the terminal match, daisy chain link or branches are connected, and so on in order to ensure that the signal be able to see the same moment impedance.

Often heard about the transmission line impedance characteristics of some of the confusion is. Through the above analysis that will signal source connected to the transmission lines, F1739A should be able to see a certain value of the transmission line impedance characteristics, for example, 50 Ω, but if a ohmmeter three feet long with a section of the RG58 cable connection, To the impedance measurement is infinite.

The answer lies in front of any transmission line to see the last of the resistance value is changing with time. If the cable impedance measurement of the time is short and can signal to the cable in the back and forth from one time to compare, you can measure the cable to the surge impedance cable or also known as the characteristic impedance. If, however, waiting for enough time F3172A , they would have to return part of the energy reflection and measuring instruments to detect, at this time can detect changes in impedance, under normal circumstances, in this process, the resistance will change back and forth, until the resistance value To achieve a stable condition: If the cable end is open, the ultimate value of infinite impedance, if the end of the cable short-circuit, the final value of zero impedance.

For three feet long RG58 cable, must be less than 3 ns in the time interval to complete the impedance measurement process. This is the time domain reflectometer (TDR) to complete the work. TDR can measure the dynamic impedance transmission lines. If you need to spend 1 s time intervals to measure 3 feet long RG58 cable resistance, then the time interval in which the signal F2024A  has been reflecting the return of millions of times, then you may resistance from the tremendous changes in completely different impedance The value and ultimately the result is infinite, because the cable terminal is open.

The laptop battery-powered portable electronic equipment sales, 2006 is the brilliant performance of the year. In 2006, consumers purchased more than 950 million mobile phones, 2.2 million notebook computers, 140 million MP3 players, 90 million digital camera (DSC) and 10 million GPS system. However, we also omitted mention of a class of products that combine these two or even three products feature a combination of equipment, such as portable media players (PMP) or digital media broadcasting (DMB) products. These products also use a single lithium-ion inspiron batteries as its main power source and is fast becoming a consumer electronics in the area of the important one.

PMP in many, many of them include a hard disk drive (HDD), this will make a portable device can store more than 150 hours of video or 12 hours of music. However, these PMP manufacturers are now burdened with an increasingly heavy pressure, is to integrate all of these functions have been limited to the external dimensions of the product, we need to extend the product run time 75UYF.

PMP are the majority of both video and MP3 player function, therefore, require multiple internal circuit at different power levels of low-voltage output tracks. The reason is obvious, the majority of large-scale digital integrated (LSI) IC has 1.5 V or lower voltage. At the same time, memory and I / O voltage requirements from 2.5 V to 3.3 V range. As a result, a number of direct access from the lithium-ion 8N544  power of point-of-load (POL) DC / DC converters became impractical, so, system designers are taking a more integrated approach.

Similarly, the phone’s functions are no longer limited to call. Most smart phones with Internet browsing, e-mail and wireless transmission of photos, streaming media, television receivers, and even GPS functionality. A quietly emerging trend in portable devices to join a large-capacity miniature hard drive, so that these smart phones also have high storage capacity. Used by most of HDD has a diameter of 1 inch or smaller discs. In normal operation Inspiron 9300 battery , 1-inch disk drives only about 300 mA (at 3.3 V voltage conditions) of the current, rotating discs in accelerating the process of peak demand could be as high as 500 mA. The future of 0.8 inches hard drive for a nominal current smaller, and will be lower than the peak current 400 mA.

It is learned that China’s demand for mobile phones and batteries have more than 300 million, on the market-original batteries and laptop battery with two batteries. Batteries are the original factory to manufacture, quality was relatively good, but prices high. At present the market with increasingly high proportion of batteries, battery prices in general more compatible with the same specifications of the original battery low, but the quality varied. The battery compatible with the results of the checks is not optimistic. Five kinds of unqualified products mainly to the failure 0.2 C5A discharge performance (commonly known as “standby current”), 1 C5A discharge performance (commonly known as “call current”) and the thermal shock test. Among them, two kinds of products “standby current” project failed, a direct impact on the mobile phone standby time.

National standards require 0.2 C5A discharge performance must be greater than five hours, and for the design of the Motorola V3, Wang Electronics Co., Ltd. of Guangdong power production, “Wei Tai” (3.7 V600mAh) lithium-ion latitude battery four samples of the test results for the 4.6 to 4.8 hours , From Shenzhen friends - the Communications Limited production of “Jugate friend” (3.7 V800mAh) lithium-ion battery four sample test results only from 4.3 to 4.5 hours. Motorola V3 compatible for the failed battery problem, Motorola service sector, said the company had never authorized the Guangdong power-Electronics Co., Ltd. Motorola V3 battery production, these non-original batteries may be the dealer distribution. As non-original batteries there may be small battery capacity, leakage, and dangerous, suggested consumers not to use, so as to avoid unnecessary losses. Remind staff, the original Motorola cell M printed on signs and number of consumers through the company after-sales service hotline Inspiron 700m battery  true.

The spot checks, three batteries of the security failure, failed projects are “thermal shock”, that is 150 ℃ thermal shock test explosion occurred in the course of the project failed to consumers is a major safety Hidden dangers, most likely caused by the loss of personal property. The three products were ultra-Shenzhen Electronics Co., Ltd. production of the “Super-power” (L-MOT-V33.7V600mAh) lithium-ion battery; Amoi Electronics Co., Ltd. production of “AMOi Amoi” (№. 4 +3.7 V1150mAh) lithium-ion Inspiron 5100 battery ;’s Song of the Electronic (Shenzhen) Co., Ltd. production of “TSD” (TS923B3.7V1200mAh) lithium-ion battery.

In addition, the state standards for 1 C5A discharge performance must be greater than 51 minutes, this one kind of product sampling with large current discharge performance was slightly lower than standard value to be ineligible.

The project will cause failure in the course of phone calls promptly discharge the Inspiron 8200 battery , making calls greatly shortened.

   According to foreign media reported that over the past few years, there have been rumors that Apple in the development of touch-screen Mac, as Apple is applying for patents similar to the news exposure, it becomes all the more the rumors “are a focus of the nose.”

Many Mac sites this week have referred to a four Apple in the United States for patents, patent applications may be related to the mystery of a Mac tablet computer-related. AppleInsider site in the patent application documents discussed in a detailed description of equipment, Mac Tablet PCs will have the iPhone multi-point touch function.

In view of Apple in the past year on multi-point touch user interface very seriously, the industry has a significant number will develop functional than Apple’s iPhone iPod Touch or more powerful computers rumors.

In fact, Apple has in the past carried out similar attempts: in 2005 the company had applied for a similar patent, and other sites reported that the current application of the patent in technical and patent applications for Apple two years ago similar.

Running Windows Tablet PC sales up not only with temperature not to describe the fire, Tablet PC seems to have Yinbu Qi interest in the PC makers. Tablet PC Zaoleng Yu may be due to lack of advanced software and hardware is not “Banpei,” No one likes a paper with the size, weight and general notebook computer is the hand-held computer.

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